If you're going to gamble at a casino, online or land-based, it's important
to know how the casino makes its money from you. Casinos make money from the players
because they don't pay out at the real odds for the game. Expectation is what
you can expect to win or lose long term on a given bet if you make it over and
over again.
If you flip a coin, you have a 50% chance of it landing on heads, and you have
a 50% chance of it landing on tails. If you paid someone $1 every time you were
wrong, and they paid you a dollar every time you were right, you'd be making an
even money bet (also known as an even odds proposition). Your long term expectation
would be 0. You would break even.
The way a casino would pay out in this situation would vary from the actual
odds of the game so that they could make a profit. They might pay you 95 cents
every time you were right, and you would pay them $1 every time you were wrong.
This would create a positive expectation for the casino, and a negative expectation
for you. Half the time you would lose $1, and the other half of the time you would
win 95 cents. Instead of breaking even, you would lose 2.5 cents per bet over
time. (Because half the time you would win.) If you stated this in percentage
terms, the house would be said to have a 2.5% advantage in this game.
This might sound like an oversimplification, but it's really not at all. One
of the newer casino games in Las Vegas is casino war, which is a gambling version
of the card game War that you used to play as a kid. You and the dealer each get
dealt a playing card. If your card's value is higher than the dealer's, you win,
and vice-versa, just like when you were playing as a kid.
Here's where the casino changes the expectation in their favor though: If your
card is the SAME as the dealer's card, you can either surrender (in which case
you lose half your bet), or you can go to war, which means you have to make another
bet the same size as your original bet. When you go to war, three cards are burned
and you each get another card. If you win the "war", you ONLY get paid
out on the original bet. If you lose, the house gets both bets.
So you're facing even odds unless you go to war. If you go to war, the house
has an advantage, because if you win, you only get paid $1 for every $2 you've
wagered. The casino could just as easily create a game called "casino coin
toss war", with very similar rules, and it wouldn't be too different from
the coin-tossing game I described earlier. The single difference would be that
the casino would have an almost 3% edge over you.
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